Life Persuasive Essay Example For Students

Life Persuasive Essay A kid grows up in an Italian-American neighborhood in the Bronx. His dad offers him a bit of guidance: Nothing is more awful than a squandered ability. A city intersection criminal offers him another bit of guidance: Nobody truly minds. These suggestions appear to be opposing, however the kid finds that they make a pleasant fit. The child, whose name is Calogero however who is called C, worships Sonny. He loves the manner in which Sonny practices a peaceful power, and talks with his hands, and dresses well. At the point when C is 17, he goes to work for Sonny, against his dads wishes. Furthermore, in the year when the greater part of the film is set, he learns exercises that he will utilize an amazing entirety. A Bronx Tale was composed for the phase by Palminteri, who plays Sonny with a quiet effortlessness in the film, yet was Calogero, in actuality. There have been a great deal of motion pictures about neighborhood Mafiosos (Martin Scorseses Goodfellas was the best), however this film isnt like the others. It doesnt disclose to some idiotic anecdote about how the transport driver and the mobster need to shoot one another, or about how C is the prisoner in a back-and-forth. Its around two men with some experience of life, who love this child and need to get him out. Lorenzo, the transport driver, offers sound guidance: You need to see a genuine legend? Take a gander at a person who gets up in the first part of the day and heads out to work and supports his family. That is valor. However, Sonny offers sound guidance, as well. Something he tells C is that you can't carry on with your life based on what others figure you ought to do, in light of the fact that at the most critical moment, no one truly minds. Youre giving them a force they dont truly have. That seems like profound thought for a person who holds tight the corner and runs a numbers racket, however Sonny, as played by Palminteri, is a perplexing, desolate character, who may have been a minister or a logician had not life called him to the livelihood of neighborhood chief. Multi year-old Calogero (Francis Capra) is the streetwise child of Lorenzo Anello (Robert De Niro), a transport driver who invests wholeheartedly in his hard working attitude and hopes to ingrain similar qualities in his child. Calagero, be that as it may, is in wonder of the neighborhood crowd chief, Sonny (Chazz Palminteri), and when Calogero keeps his mouth shut subsequent to seeing Sonny do a hit, the kid is taken under Sonnys wing and demonstrated the methods of the wiseguys. Lorenzo can't get his child far from the impact of Sonny, much as he attempts, and a clash of wills results, pulling Calogero in the two bearings until he chooses to settle the issue himself by observing Sonny secretly and acti ng as well as can be expected with his family. As he arrives at his high schooler years, Calogero (presently played by Lillo Brancato who looks so much like De Niro its absolute creepy) finds that Sonny has become a genuine companion and that his training is twofold both from school and from the avenues. A youthful Italian American named Calogero (played by Lillo Brancato and Francis Capra), experiences childhood in the Bronx, conflicted between the calm respect of his dad (Robert De Niro), and the definitive quality of a local Mafia chief, Sonny (Chazz Palminteri). The two men care about the kid, be that as it may, against his dads wishes, Calogero (nicknamed C) goes to work for Sonny. Calogero winds up taking an interest in exercises he needs no piece of, however can't decline because of companion pressure. He falls for a dark young lady named Jane (Taral Hicks), during a period when prejudice against blacks is exceptional and fierce, however he should locate his own specific manner throughout everyday life.

How to Analyze Sources and Information

The most effective method to Analyze Sources and Information By Riley Kohl   Today, we experience a daily reality such that sudden spikes in demand for data. Data is accumulated, mutual, purchased, and sold. To an ever increasing extent, people are expending immense measures of data and utilizing it to shape themselves and the manner in which they see their general surroundings. In our excursion to arrive at new statures of comprehension, we develop for ourselves a tall watchtower, with every block being another snippet of data. Dreadfully regularly, be that as it may, we dont ask ourselves a critical inquiry: consider the possibility that this new block has splits. I will probably disclose why you should have the option to assess the nature of the data you devour and to give you the instruments to do so dependably and effectively. A Growing Need One of the most usually utilized wellsprings of data is the news, explicitly the predominant press. As of late, there has been a continuous, recognizable decrease in the nature of news coverage. Seeing this, the American individuals have consequently shown a progressive decrease in the degree of trust they place in the standard medias capacity to report data in a reliable and fair way. In a Gallup survey directed in 2016 with an arbitrary example of 1,020 grown-ups, just 32% purported to having a lot or a reasonable measure of trust in the standard media.[1] A diagram of this pattern is given in Figure 1. A Practical Demonstration So as to all the more likely handle the strategies of data investigation, and the requirement for such abilities, a reasonable exhibition is ideal. On November 20, 2015, CNN distributed an article charging that President-elect Donald Trump offered a complete expression with respect to the usage of a Muslim database.[2] Several hours after the fact, an article was distributed by the Gateway Pundit asserting that the ends introduced by the CNN article depended on adulterated evidence.[3] Figure 2 gives a next to each other perspective on the article features. This prompts the first, and generally significant, basic standard of data examination: no source is above investigation in light of the fact that no source is trustworthy. CNN is a significant news source. The main response of the normal individual is essentially trust them over the Gateway Pundit, a generally obscure source. The CNN article additionally gives a video which appears to help the case introduced in the feature. The two most outstanding contentions introduced by the Gateway Pundit article are that the CNN video is vigorously altered and that the columnist intentionally pushed an ambiguous, vague inquiry. The initial step the peruser must take now is to watch, or re-watch, the CNN video. Obviously the video is altered, however this training isn't uncommon. Recordings gave in articles and reports are frequently altered for time purposes, removing superfluous data so as to convey the significant data in an auspicious way. In this manner, we show up at the second basic principle: if all else fails, counsel the crude information. This isn't generally a simple assignment. In logical reports, the crude information is regularly broad or introduced in an arrangement that is hard for laymen to comprehend. News stories, then again, regularly draw their information from crude video or authority proclamations. Given the positions introduced by the two articles, at most just one of them can be right. Along these lines, at any rate one of these articles must be bogus. The aftereffect of this is an individual who accepts the bogus article will probably frame a sentiment on Donald Trump, at that point a Presidential up-and-comer. This recently acclimatized data may influence a decision of activity taken by the peruser, for example, who they vote in favor of, which could have results as noteworthy as choosing the following political pioneer of the United States of America. Set in this point of view, plainly data and deception can be an amazing, perilous powers. It is basic that they are appropriately assessed by the perusers. Approachs for Appraising Information Probably the least difficult techniques for assessing the nature of a data source include posing fundamental inquiries. These incorporate affirming whether or the not source is impartial, exhaustive, current, and clear.[4] While the last inquiries are genuinely straightforward, the topic of inclination is a precarious beat to deal with. Inclination is in a general sense hard to stay away from when composing, or deciding not to compose, articles or reports. These are composed by people, who have their own imbued standpoints and sentiments on the world. Furthermore, the presence of inclination stretches out outside the article itself, into the meta domain of distribution. There can exist an inclination in what data is distributed and what data isn't. A news outlet may decide to just cover the genuine outrages of a political figure and distribute nothing in regards to their achievements. Despite the fact that the distributed articles might be valid, the inclination despite everything exists. A typical misinterpretation is that the creation of a data source is a decent proportion of its quality or reliability. While this can fill in as a huge, efficient alternate way, it can likewise calm the peruser into an incorrect conviction that all is well with the world. The most very much regarded news outlet can distribute incorrect articles, and the most thrilling newspaper can distribute articles containing only reality. A last idea to note, before continuing to an all the more precise posting of philosophies, is simply the composition. The composing styles of data sources can change broadly dependent on their target group and reason. A logical report on topographical forecasts dependent on study information will shift in appearance and stream from a news story providing details regarding an ongoing wrongdoing wave. Notwithstanding this, the sign of a decent article lies with its goal thinking. There ought to be an unmistakable intelligent stream from the crude data being refered to the last ends drawn and introduced by the author.[5] Faulty rationale or unobtrusive false notions can take verifiable proof and yield deluding ends. A Simple Checklist for Appraising Sources Ask yourself the three Cs: Is it thorough, clear, and current? Hope to check whether the source has a consistent progression of target thinking. Distinguish the reason for the article. What is the essayist attempting to pass on? Distinguish any potential for predisposition. Does the creator have a fundamental rationale? Cross-reference with elective sources. Counsel the crude information if important. Recall that is okay to conclude that no authoritative ends can be drawn from inadequate sources. Works Cited [1] Gallup, Inc. Americans Trust in Mass Media Sinks to New Low.Gallup.com. N.p., 14 Sept. 2016. Web. 05 Jan. 2017. [2] Trump would absolutely execute national database for U.S. Muslims.CNN. Link News Network, 20 Nov. 2015. Web. 06 Jan. 2017. [3] Hoft, Jim. THEY LIED! Media Edited Video to Claim Donald Trump Said to Register All Muslims (Video).TheGatewayPundit. N.p., 21 Nov. 2015. Web. 06 Jan. 2017. [4] Markel, Michael H. Practicalstrategiesfortechnicalcommunication. first ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2013. Print. [5] LibGuides: Critically Analyzing Information Sources: Critical Appraisal and Analysis.CriticalAppraisaland AnalysisCriticallyAnalyzingInformationSourcesLibGuidesatCornellUniversity. N.p., 27 May 2016. Web. 05 Jan. 2017.  â

Dont Let a Surprise Pet-Related Expense Drive You into Debt - OppLoans

Don’t Let a Surprise Pet-Related Expense Drive You into Debt - OppLoans Don’t Let a Surprise Pet-Related Expense Drive You into Debt Don’t Let a Surprise Pet-Related Expense Drive You into DebtIf you end up relying on a high-interest payday cash advance to cover your pets vet bill, neither of you will benefit in the long run.Fur parents love their fur babies; in fact, 95 percent of pet owners consider their pets to be a part of the family. And while pets aren’t quite as expensive as kids, they can still run up some pretty sizeable billsâ€"especially if they get sick.Pets are expensive.The cost of owning a pet can put a lot of financial stress on low-income families. According to ASPCA estimates, the first-year cost of owning a pet exceeds $1,000, and most people spend more than $500 a year after that.Even if you took these costs into account when you first welcomed your pet into your home, you may have experienced a change in income or other unexpected costs.   And a single pet healthcare emergency can cost several hundred dollarsâ€"an expense 40 percent of Americans would not be able to cover.Some people migh t be tempted to take out short-term bad credit loans or predatory no credit check loans (like payday loans, cash advances, or even title loans) to pay for the cost of their pets care. But these small-dollar loans come with significant risks.With short terms and average annual interest rates reaching almost 400 percent, short-term bad credit and no credit check loans can trap borrowers in a cycle of debt that can be difficult to overcome.Instead of relying on expensive predatory loans to cover the cost of your pets care, consider the following strategies.Budget and save.First, consider whether you might be able to cut costs. Find ways to save money on groceries, cut out any unnecessary services, buy items used, and sell items you don’t need.You should also compare prices for pet food and buy in bulk when you can.If youre a budgeting newbie, we have a helpful beginner’s guide that comes with a free downloadable budgeting spreadsheet to get you started.  Even if your pet is in perf ect healthâ€"or you don’t have any pets at allâ€"you should have a monthly budget.Visit a pet food bank.If you’re struggling to afford pet food, check to see if there is a pet food bank in your area.You can also contact local nonprofit organizations aimed at keeping pets with their owners. Some will be able to provide assistance with buying pet food.Consider visiting a food bank for your own food as well. Meals on Wheels delivers both pet food and human food to families in need.Seek help from a nonprofit.When your pet is in need of expensive medical treatment, it can be difficult for the whole family. But before you take out a payday loan, get in touch with nonprofit organizations aimed at providing emergency medical assistance to pets in need.The following organizations may be able to help:The Brown Dog FoundationThe Pet FundThe Onyx and Breezy FoundationRedRoverHarley’s Hope FoundationThe Humane Society also keeps a list of local and national resources, and the ASPCA can hel p you find local, low-cost spay and neuter programs.Seek help from the community.You should always ask friends or family members directly to begin with, but if that option isn’t available to you, you may be able to utilize crowdfunding.When creating a campaign, be honest and detailed about your pet’s needs, and include pictures. The following sites allow you to raise money from the community:PetFundrPlumFundGoFundMeTake out a lower-cost loan.If you’re still in need of cash and can’t bear the thought of finding a new home for your pet, you may need to borrow money.But short-term online loans and storefront cash advances should always be considered a last resort, and you should only borrow what you will reasonably be able to pay back.Start by asking friends and family for financial assistance. Sure, this conversation will probably be uncomfortable, but they’re probably going to give you a much better deal than your average payday lender.Next, visit local banks or credit unio ns, which offer lower-cost loans. If you have bad credit and are found ineligible for mainstream financial services, consider taking out a bad credit installment loan.These personal loans often come with longer terms and lower interest rates than your typical payday loan. And with some bad credit installment lenders making your payments on time could even improve your credit history.Find a new home for your pet.It might be heartbreaking to say goodbye to your pet, but sometimes it’s in their best interest. If you can’t secure additional income, a loan won’t help you afford your pet in the long run.You can list your pet on Craigslist, Petfinder, or Get Your Pet and personally ensure you find a loving home that meets your pet’s needs. You can also surrender your pet to The Humane Society.Build your savings and your  credit score.If you’re in an immediate bind, this advice won’t be much good to you. But if you’re trying to plan ahead before a financial emergency strikes, you should focus on two things: building your emergency fund and improving your credit score.Unlike money that you’re saving for retirement, an emergency fund should be easily accessible during times of financial duress. Start with the goal of building a $1,000 fund, but don’t stop there. The more money you have saved up for emergencies, the more secure you’ll be.When it comes to your credit score, better credit means more access to low-cost loans and credit cards to help cover unforeseen expenses. Paying down your existing debt and paying your bills on time are the two best actions you can take to improve your score long-term.Your pet has no idea how emergency funds or credit scores work, but if you’re financially prepared to weather a pricey veterinarian’s bill, we’re sure they’ll find a way to thank you for itâ€"probably one that involves lots of licking and snuggles.To learn more about how you can build your savings and your credit, check out these other posts and articles from OppLoans:How to Raise Your Credit Score by 100 PointsSave More Money with These 40 Expert Tips6 Great Reasons To Check Your Credit ReportFinancial Basics: Expert Tips for Smarter SpendingDo you have a personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.Visit OppLoans on  YouTube  |  Facebook  |  Twitter  |  LinkedIN  |Instagram

Analyzing Gender Stereotypes in Media - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1981 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/04/07 Category Sociology Essay Level High school Topics: Gender Roles Essay Did you like this example? In an ever changing society that has emphasized and increased the conversation regarding gender roles, there seems to be a lacking conversation with masculinity and the media. The media superabundance that we have been experiencing throughout this decade is something that has never been seen in human life before. The specific conversation regarding gender roles has become more prominent recently, thanks to the increasing amounts of conversation between people and references in the media. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Analyzing Gender Stereotypes in Media" essay for you Create order While there always seems to be a focus on female comparisons to men, the topic of masculinity still seems to be one that is underreported. The representation of men in media seems to be unclear, yet consistently following the stereotypical alpha theme. In the popular media, men are shown and shine through athletics, power, and other physical aspects about themselves and their character. When we think of the most famous men in the world, they tend to fit within these certain categories. The most followed man on Instagram is Cristiano Ronaldo, a very popular footballer. Other popular men could be seen in positions of power or dominance, such as the President, any other political figure, and someone involved in athletics. Something that we do not seem to discuss as much as its counterpart would be masculinity. Unknowingly, men are to follow a set of standards that have been placed by society and certain expressions they might want to acknowledge are kept quiet because it does not fit th eir standards. The standard of femininity does encourage freedom of expression, and there is a tendency for men to lock up their true feelings. Certain media has created a recent culture change, with television shows such as 13 Reasons Why, this rising issue of masculinity misconceptions have become more talked about†namely the consequences that come with the physical and emotional restrictions that men face when complying with the social standards. It has become evident that the masking of true emotions that most men face in their lives will eventually take a toll on their own mental health. The American Foundation for Suicide Prevention provides in depth research for all causes of suicide, gender being one of them. It is revealed that men are 3.5 times more likely to die from suicide in comparison to women (American Foundation for Suicide Prevention). While this difference is alarming, it does come as a surprise to many. It would be assumed that with such an immense difference in suicide rates, the mental health of men would be discussed more thoroughly throughout the media. Simply put, all that is killing these men is the concept of masculinity. While women seem to have the stereotype of having to keep up with their appearance, it can be discussed how while men are not as expected to keep up with their appearance, they have many internal personality traits that need to stay consistent and not change. Men are in a constant att empt to live up to social and personal stereotypes that are impossible to stay up to measure with. The simple competition that is placed in men from the time they are children could prove to have devastating consequences†something as simple as being the fastest runner in your class or the ability to lift more weight at the gym. Competition is a trait that has been instilled as a masculine quality in order to prove yourself worthy of some sort of praise. These stigmas that are placed within men need to subside in order for their own mental health. A constant sense of competition, comparison, or feeling as though you are not good enough could prove to be detrimental to the men, which could also account for the devastatingly high number of suicide rates. The textbook Signs of Life in the USA: Readings on Popular Culture for Writers contains a passage written by Aaron Devor, a transgender Canadian sociologist sexologist. The passage, titled Performing Gender: Gender Role Behaviors and Attitudes, delves deeper into the stigmas that the male gender is facing. Devor mentions, The patriarchal gender schema currently in use in mainstream North American society reserves highly valued attributes for males and actively supports the high evaluation of any characteristics which might inadvertently become associated with maleness (Devor 475). Both males and females are popularly thought to be able to do many of the same things, but most activities are divided into suitable and unsuitable categories for each gender class (Devor 474). Both of these quotes from Devor show the tendency that men feel in order to prove and show their individual sense of masculinity. The suitable vs. unsuitable characteristics that Devor describes is something that co uld be seen in nearly all aspects of life. Something as simple as mourning†it is seen as rare and almost look down upon for a man to be crying, especially excessively. It has been a stigma as old as time for men and the association with crying to be shown as a weakness. Crying, and overall weakness, has unfortunately been tied down to femininity, therefore being unsuitable for someone to be considered masculine, the opposite counterpart. Many outlets of media create the image that is to be interpreted by society, namely pushing the agenda through outlets such as television and social media. Television shows such as House of Cards The Walking Dead depict strong lead masculine characters who resemble the ideal characteristics of what it means to be a man. is seen pushing this agenda through mostly television, but also through social media. These characters bring intriguing insight to their respective series and will build a large audience and following. This audience is what wi ll create the shows success and indirectly influence the ways of thinking of the viewer. Another extremely popular show that has emphasized and challenged the gender roles and issues with masculinity was the hit Netflix series 13 Reasons Why. The controversial show was released to the platform just last year, and since then has been watched by millions of people all around the world. The main plot of the show follows Hannah Baker, a 17 year old who commits suicide and leaves behind a set of 13 tapes revealing why she killed herself. Hannah Baker was the victim of bullying, and even sexual assault. The show became particularly controversial, due to the fact that there was triggering content, such as Hannahs sexual assault or the actual moment she decided to take her life. There was an interesting twist at the end of the first series, however. Alex Standall is also one of the main characters of the series, and he too is shown to experience a multitude of difficulties throughout the show. Alex was also a victim of many of the things Hannah was†notably the intense bull ying that would occur around the campus. It is interesting to note that although men have been shown to commit acts of suicide nearly three times more than women, the show very loosely followed Alexs struggles. It hardly did, actually, which is why his suicide attempt at the end of the first season came as such as shock to all. Societys placement of masculinity shows that men are not as able to speak about their emotions, or reflect upon their actions in a freeing, healthy manner. Alex was shown to be consistently struggling throughout the series but both the characters and viewers were too caught up with Hannahs story in order to notice his dire need for help. Mainstream medias everlasting influence on its people has proven to push gender roles even further. A Huffington Post contributor, Allison Lantagne, speaks on these issues in her article Gender Roles in Media. Gender roles, as an example, exist solely because society as a whole chooses to accept them, but they are perpetuated by the media (Lantagne). As explained, we are the ones who take these roles into our own lives because it is what we are made to believe is right. Certain reality shows emphasize these traits, among those reality tv. We have been exposed to television shows such as Keeping Up With The Kardashians, or Jersey Shore, are immensely popular shows that perfectly show these examples. In KUWTK, the Kardashians are shown to live a hyper privileged, glamorous lifestyle that is only the wish of many. The women are always wearing extravagant clothing, participating in luxurious activities, and redefine what the viewers consider beauty to be. The same occurs with the men of Jersey Shore, with the men of the show. They are shown to be your stereotypical playboys, who live a carefree lifestyle and make attaining women their only goal. They are also at times depicted to be airheads, lacking any true emotion or intelligence. The only concern they seem to have is to keep up with their physical appearance†namely their muscular figure in order to attain their game. People tend to deal with their problems differently, and for some men the pressures of not coming to terms could prove to be catastrophic to their health, leading to tragic events. Masculinity has taken over many lives of men and cases them to partake in dangerous activities.. There are many crimes that are reported to be committed more by men in comparison to women, domestic violence being among the most notable. In Signs of Life in the USA: Readings on Popular Culture for Writers writer Deborah Blum states, In domestic partner murders, three-fourths of men use guns in those killings; 50 percent of women do (Blum 483). Men have the tendency to be seen as the more powerful person in the couple, for they are physically stronger than the woman. This could lead to trouble for the woman if the man becomes abusive, therefore causing harm to her. Domestic abuse is often the result of individual struggles the man is enduring with no healthy escape, not knowing of any other way to face their struggles. It has been associated to be a masculine reaction to lash out on someone else then men are upset at something that could be bothering them. Even outside of domestic abuse, men are tied to any general assault crime at a much higher rate. While man to woman is more common, nothing is more common than man to man violence. This is not necessarily surprising, since the thought of being competitive has also been instilled into men from the time they were very small. Obsessive masculinity is clearly harmful to men in all aspects and much more negatives come from it than positives. Masculinity in men has proven to create certain behaviors in men that could be detrimental to their individual health. Poor actions made by men could be tied to their mental health and stability due to the everlasting powerful impact that the media has had on everybody. Most representations of lifestyle that are provided on the media are distorted, and enforces certain characteristics that are not healthy for most people. It is truly regrettable and upsetting to see the adverse effects such media has placed for many people, and the inaccurate representations that arise as a result. While our society has approved these messages, whether willingly or not, it has been allowed to pass and it is up to us to put it to a proper stop. Many representations in media simply do not apply to most men†being a superhero, a player who attracts many women, or the most muscular friend in the group. There are sick misrepresentations that damage the sense of morale of others. At the end of the da y, what is most important is that one realizes their own self worth without relying on any sort of media to influence your beliefs and actions. The feeling of self worth is one of the most rewarding and it is something that our modern day media should be more focused on enforcing, versus the negative influences in the media that have already caused so much damage to many.

Ebonics Essay - 852 Words

Ebonics Ebonics, which stands for Ebony + Phonics is a new term that Linguistics use to describe Black Dialect or Black English or many of the other names that it has been given for more than 350 years. Ebonics is a language that is a combination of proper English and a combination of African languages. This combination pattern was formed on how certain words are pronounced such as, this and that, would be pronounced dis and dat in Ebonics. In most Ebonics words with the Th. sound has an D sound. These are just some of the many patterns that were created when Africans were forced to learn the English language. History states that around 1619, during the slave trade, ships collected slaves not just from one nation but†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Around 1858, over 400 slaves from Africa were brought to Georgia none of them knowing how to speak the English Language.† (Smitherman, 1994, p10) Being that these two groups merged together they adapted each other’s lang uage whether it was correct or incorrect. On the East Coast of America, â€Å"the Blacks spoke a different degree of Ebonics†. (Lewis, 1996, MSN) In 1744 The New York Evening Post read, Ran away...a new Negro Fellow named Prince, he cant scarce speak a Word of English (Fisher, 1996, MSN) In 1760 an ad in the North Carolina Gazette read: Ran away from the Subscriber, African Born, speaks bad English.(Stoller,1996, MSN) In 1734, the Philadelphia American Weekly Mercury read: â€Å"Run away; he’s Pennsylvania Born and speaks good English, These articles show where each person came from and what there English was like. It is obvious that masters kept tabs on how well their slave could talk. It was one of the ways that the masters could identify their slaves when they had many of them. They also used the slaves that new good English to translate or explain what the other slaves were saying. In the Mid 1800s slaves tried to use their language to help them escape from slaver y. They would sing spirituals, which their masters could not understand. Harriet Tubman and many others communicated in Ebonics, which their masters couldntShow MoreRelatedEbonics979 Words   |  4 PagesEbonics, which stands for Ebony + Phonics is a new term that Linguistics use to describe Black Dialect or Black English or many of the other names that it has been given for more that 350 years.. has been in the news recently but it is definitely not a new topic. brbrEbonics is a language that is a combination of proper English and a combination of African languages. Because of this combination a pattern was formed on how certain words are said such as this and that, would be pronounced disRead MoreThe African Vernacular English1850 Words   |  7 Pages Ya’ll be thinkin’ ebonics be messin’ wit Standard English, but it be enrichin’ it in a lotta ways. If you did not quite understand the first sentence, here is a â€Å"proper† translation; many people believe that African-American English negatively affects Standard English, but it actually enriches it in various ways. Black English, Ebonics, ghetto talk, slang, and Black Vernacular are all different words or phrases used to describe the African-American Vernacular English (AAVE) language. There are certainRead MoreAfrican American Vernacular English (Aave)1503 Words   |  7 PagesPsychologist Robert Williams coined the term Ebonics in 1973. He combined the words ebony and phonics to create Ebonics, black speech sounds. In Ebonics: The True Language of Black Folks, he asserts Ebonics as the â€Å"linguistic and paralinguistic features which on a concentric continuum represent the communicative competence of the West African, Caribbean, and United States† (Williams 24). However, over time Ebonics gained a negative connotation. Ebonics is associated with slang, marginal and deficientRead MoreReflection Of Ebonics1741 Words   |  7 Pagesoutsiders. In my life, Ebonics had revealed an unique aspect of how my parents and distant relatives influenced my understanding of the Afrocentric dialect of the English language. In addition, it revealed how I communicate to my family and friends and the distinction of my reading between Ebonics and Old English during my high school years. Not to mention, for those who may not know what Ebonics is, Ebonics was the first dialect of the English language by African- Americans. Ebonics also known as AfricanRead MoreEssay about ebonics1044 Words   |  5 Pages Ebonics means black speech (a blend of the words ebony black and phonics sounds). The phrase was created in 1973 by a group of black scholars who disliked the negative connotations of terms like Nonstandard Negro English that ha d been coined in the 1960s when the first modern large-scale linguistic studies of African American speech communities began. However, the term Ebonics never caught on amongst linguists, much less among the general public. That all changed with the Ebonics controversyRead MoreWhat is Ebonics? Essay1197 Words   |  5 Pagesthe socially acceptable or proper form of language. Even though blacks willing learned English, the African-American community language has always been distinctive, and only for blacks to embrace and understand. The Black American English known as Ebonics became a topic of controversy in 1996, and is still debated as a critical language for African-Americans. Who says the only language in America should be English and why is it important for African-Americans to have their own language? National identityRead More Ebonics In Schools Essay1071 Words   |  5 Pages Ebonics in Schools Many black individuals have played their part in Americas history. Has the Oakland School gone too far by wanting to teach a black slang language in school. In this paper, you will see the peoples, teachers, and the students opinion as well as the Senate. A lot of people are speaking out on the subject, especially actors. Arsenio Hall replied to reporters â€Å"When I heard somebody from Oakland say the word genetic, on TV, I ran into the kitchen so I didnt have to be mad at anybodyRead More Ebonics Essay example615 Words   |  3 Pages Ebonics The other day I was talking on the subject of Ebonics. I feel Ebonics should be a language. I mean black adolescents that are seen as stupid and non-educated mostly use it. The talk compelled me to do some extensive studying on the subject. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Ebonics is the new academicianamp;#8217;s jargon or buzzword for what we used to call amp;#8220;Black English.; Ebonics comes from the root word Ebony that means black or dark. So since Ebonics is considered Black EnglishRead MoreEssay about Ebonics3741 Words   |  15 PagesEbonics INTRODUCTION The main topic of this paper is the USA, and I have chosen to concentrate on a fairly new issue, the language know as Ebonics. There have always been changes in the English language. This is how the language came about and evolved from standard British English to American English. During the last few years, as the world has become more sensitive to the rights of minorities, women, animals, etc. a new form of changes has taken place. These changes have becomeRead More Is Ebonics a Language? Essay example918 Words   |  4 Pages Ebonics Is (or Is Not) a Language nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Before getting into any great detail concerning the complexity of what language is and its relationship with the term Ebonics, Ebonics must first be defined. It is considered to be best described as â€Å"black speech† and therefore can be referred to as an â€Å"undefined language.† Many consider language to be a spoken tongue belonging to a nationality of people, so in general, and for the sake of clarity in this work, language is a general

Definition Argument Essay On The Dutch Country Farmers Market

Definition Argument Essay on the Dutch Country Farmers Market According to Elijah Anderson, a professor sociology at Yale University and writer of the book, The Cosmopolitan Canopy: Race and Civility in Everyday Life, he asserts that often people divert their gazes, looking up, looking down, looking away, and feign ignorance of divers mix of strangers they encounter. I agree with Anderson when he states this because in most places such as stores, malls, etc. people are more focused on getting what they came for and avoiding anything that may effect that including conversation with others. Anderson also considers a Cosmopolitan Canopy to be places where diverse people gather, and feel comfortable striking up something surprisingly intimate conversations. The Dutch Country Farmers Market is a Cosmopolitan Canopy because of the variety of social class, ethnicity, and lifestyles that interacts with one another. The Dutch Market is located in Laurel Maryland. It is open Thursday through Saturday for about seven to eleven hours each day. Products ma inly sold there is fresh poultry, meats, vegetables, dairy, and baked goods. They also sell homemade furniture and crafts. The employees mainly consist of members from the Dutch Amish families, who travel as groups to and from Pennsylvania with fresh products. Arriving at the market at any time of the day that this establishment is open is a sight to see, Cars are everywhere circling the parking lot searching for a space just to getShow MoreRelatedSustainable Development, Poverty and Population Growth4551 Words   |  19 Pageswithout compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs† (Authorstream, 2010, p 1:  ¶ 2). This essay concentrates on how population growth and poverty issues are interrelated with each other as well as being related to the concept of sustainable development. 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Three Reasons Browsers Difficult To Secure â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Three Reasons Browsers Difficult To Secure? Answer: Introduction Today everyone knows about the web browser and its usage. To use web browser no need to do so much by a user. After installing web browser through its executable file, an icon appears on the screen and by clicking on that icon browser will open and user can use that accordingly. While using web browsers, a user has to face some security related issues that are critical enough to control. In next segment of report, I will discuss main challenges, problems, appropriate technologies to resolve issues and unclear areas of web browser attacks. Discussion The very popular web browsers are Mozilla Firefox, Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Opera and Safari. These all browsers have to encounter problem of web attacks and these attacks are conducted by using social engineering, cross-site scripting and client-side exploits. Due to these attacks of web browsers, following challenges have to face by users. Challenges of Web Browser Attacks According to analysis, it is found that near about 45% of people those are surfing internet are not using most secure version of web browser and facing following challenges. The first challenge is of security patches applied to web browsers. If a web browser is not equipped with appropriate security patches than web browsers can result in vulnerable attacks. Moreover, security patches cannot work without proper patching of browser plug-ins (Zeltser.com, 2017). Another challenging factor is poor coding of web applications and vulnerabilities that are found in software solutions connected with web browsers. These weak factors of web browsers are necessary to overcome at developers end because hackers are taking advantage from these weak factors. Therefore, these above discussed challenges of web browsers attacks are required to control by developers by using advanced techniques at priority basis. Otherwise, issues of data lost and virus attacks will be increased. Problems of Web Browsers Attacks Due to above challenging factors of web browser attacks, various problems have raised for people who use web browsers that are listed as below: The first problem is that due to lack of security on web browsers, hackers can easily hack them and can access information about saved login, cookies, cache and visited websites. Another problem is of addition of harmful programming scripts into browsers by hackers. These scripts are vulnerable enough and redirect the users automatically to unknown websites without any knowledge of users (Shema, 2012). Those websites may have some malicious programs that can enter into computers system of user and can cause damage. Another problem is related to alteration of web browsers by malicious attacks from hackers side. These alternations lead to weird activities of web browsers that users are unable to understand (Lifewire, 2017). Relevant Technologies Web browsers can be protected from vulnerabilities by using appropriate technologies. Following are some relevant technologies that can be used to manage web browser attacks: The configuration of web browser should be done properly. While configuring browser, it is necessary to follow-up every instruction and security patches and plug-ins should also be installed properly. These plug-ins are helpful to protect web browsers from unknown entities (Us-cert.gov, 2017) Another relevant technology is to update browser regularly and also install third party solutions like ad-blocker to restrict harmful online advertisements to enter into the system. The advertisements so much injurious for system that these can slow down the system and can corrupt its boot files. Ad blockers are useful enough to stop these types of advertisements and other unknown entities. Web browsers have security and privacy options and with the help of these options web browsers can become more secure. For example, by hiding saved login passwords, by clearing caches and cookies that are not required at regular basis and by clicking checkbox options those are related to privacy of web browser content and its display. Application of Relevant Technologies The application area of these technologies is wide enough and these can be used to protect different versions of web browsers. Most of the web browser developers are using these relevant technologies to protect their browsers from unknown vulnerabilities (Howtogeek.com, 2017). Unclear Areas of Web Browser Attacks Web browser attacks are common among people but there are some vague areas about which people must have knowledge. The first thing that is not yet cleared about web browser attacks is that why programming languages are not so strong to restrict vulnerable browser attacks. At developers end this thing must be cleared that how programming languages can be more protective and strong to stop hackers to mischief web browser. Moreover, an appropriate solution for protect web browsers from hackers is also not properly found yet (Thorpe, 2017). Research Questions While analyzing problem of web browser attacks, some common research questions are found that are required to discuss here in this report. Question 1: What is the best way to get prevention from Web Browser Attacks? Answer: The most appropriate way to get prevention from web browser attacks is its periodical updates. Regular updates provides strength to browser to cope up with vulnerable objects (Computing Browser, 2017). Question 2: What is the main reason of Web Browser Attack? Answer: The entrance of any third party application or any other entity into web browser without knowledge but with permission of users, is the main reason of web browser attacks (Its.ucsc.edu, 2017). Described Issues in the Forum To know about the main issues of Web browser attacks I have selected a forum and according to that forum the main issues of web browser attacks are violation of security of users information such as cookies and login information, entrance of virus into system through web browser and slow performance of web browser as well as computer system. These issues put bad impact on users activities that they perform by using web browsers. This available information in forum is accurate and users of web browsers must have knowledge about these issues and must use appropriate security techniques to resolve these problems (SearchMidmarketSecurity, 2017). Issue that is addressed the in Forum All the mentioned issues in selected forum about web browser attacks are relevant. But another issue that is not addressed in this forum is that downloading content from different websites by using web browsers can also be harmful for users if it will not be scanned properly before downloading into system (Adams, 2017). This content may have some attached virus entities that enters into web browser easily and also try to corrupt the main files of browser. Due to this, browser does not work properly and also becomes slower than its normal speed. This issue is important to discuss here because nowadays, downloading rate of movies, audio and other content have become so higher and people do not care while downloading content and click on links that are harmful (Happyhamstercomputers.com, 2017). Impact of Issues of Real World The above discussed issues and challenges of web browser attacks have bad impacts on users of web browsers. This is because due to these attacks their computer systems, its content and web browser related information are at high risk. From the first day after installation, it has become essential for them to protect their web browsers by using secure software solutions that are especially made to get prevention from web browser attacks. If these software solutions will not be used then overall problem of web browser attacks can get worse. At developers end, due to improper management of security and privacy of web browsers, hackers are trying to get into browsers to violate them (Searchsecurity.techtarget.com, 2017). Most important Lesson Learnt from Discussions First of all I got to know that security and privacy of web browser is mandatory to maintain at users and as well as developers end. Moreover, users must not allow any unknown entity to enter into system through browser and to do this, appropriate third party software solutions should be used. On other side, while developing web browsers, developers must use secure programming languages and all security patches and plugins should be configured properly (Google, 2017). Conclusion In conclusion, it is right to say that without web browsers it is difficult to access data from different websites and to explore other internet sources. But security should be maintained at priority basis and everyone should have knowledge about possible challenges and risk factors of using web browsers and how these can be overcome by using security tools. References Securing Your Web Browser. (2017). Us-cert.gov. Retrieved 28 September 2017, from https://www.us-cert.gov/publications/securing-your-web-browser How to avoid attacks that exploit a Web browser vulnerability. (2017). SearchMidmarketSecurity. Retrieved 28 September 2017, from https://searchmidmarketsecurity.techtarget.com/tip/How-to-avoid-attacks-that-exploit-a-Web-browser-vulnerability Three Web Attack Vectors Using the Browser. (2017). Zeltser.com. Retrieved 28 September 2017, from https://zeltser.com/web-browser-attack-vectors/ Computing, H., Browser, W. (2017). What is a Web Browser?. WhatIsMyIPAddress.com. Retrieved 28 September 2017, from https://whatismyipaddress.com/web-browser Thorpe, E. (2017). Three reasons why browsers are so difficult to secure. IT PRO. Retrieved 28 September 2017, from https://www.itpro.co.uk/security/29077/three-reasons-why-browsers-are-so-difficult-to-secure Do You Know What a Web Browser Actually Is?. (2017). Lifewire. Retrieved 28 September 2017, from https://www.lifewire.com/what-is-a-browser-446234 7 Ways to Secure Your Web Browser Against Attacks. (2017). Howtogeek.com. Retrieved 28 September 2017, from https://www.howtogeek.com/228828/7-ways-to-secure-your-web-browser-against-attacks/ Web browser security news, help and research - SearchSecurity. (2017). Searchsecurity.techtarget.com. Retrieved 28 September 2017, from https://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/resources/Web-Browser-Security Google, i. (2017). 20 Things I Learned About Browsers and the Web. 20thingsilearned.com. Retrieved 28 September 2017, from https://www.20thingsilearned.com/en-GB/all/print Shema, M. (2012). Hacking web apps. Amsterdam [u.a.]: Elsevier/Syngress. Web Browser Secure Settings. (2017). Its.ucsc.edu. Retrieved 28 September 2017, from https://its.ucsc.edu/software/release/browser-secure.html Adams, D. (2017). 11 steps to reduce the risk of web attacks - Patriot Technologies, Inc.. Patriot Technologies, Inc.. Retrieved 28 September 2017, from https://patriot-tech.com/blog/2011/02/04/11-steps-to-reduce-the-risk-of-web-attacks/ Understanding Web Browser Attacks | Get Certified Get Ahead. (2017). Get Certified Get Ahead. Retrieved 28 September 2017, from https://blogs.getcertifiedgetahead.com/understanding-web-browser-attacks/ The 2 Main Types of Web Browser Attacks | Happy Hamster Computers. (2017). Happyhamstercomputers.com. Retrieved 28 September 2017, from https://happyhamstercomputers.com/computer-repair-tips/the-2-main-types-of-web-browser-atta

Market report for Dubal

Introduction The US is renowned for its rich democratic space, strong consumer power, and business astuteness. However, its economic downturn and high cost of business may impede success there.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Market report for Dubal specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A company needs to look into the external and internal factors that will affect it when it enters the international market. The purpose of the report is to determine whether Dubal, a UAE aluminium manufacturer, should enter the US market. Macro business environment – political The Unites States of America is a federal state, in which the head of state is the president and the constitution is the supreme protector of citizens’ rights. It has a strong judiciary headed by the Supreme Court and is backed by an equally influential parliamentary system. Therefore, the three centres of power are the executive, the Judic iary and Congress. Two parties dominate the country’s politics; that is, The Democratic Party and the Republican Party. The latter part depends on business donations for campaign funding while Democrats get it from organised labour. Consequently, parties in office may make policies that protect the interests of their funders. Dubal’s ability to safeguard its needs will depend on the ruling party and their affiliations. Nonetheless, the country is a strong democracy and has a stable political environment. It is unlikely that Dubal will experience cases of war or civil conflict in this nation. Trade restrictions and protectionism exist, albeit at low levels. Constraints exist regarding the legality of a business; Dubal will have to go through a long process before being recognised as a legal entity. Additionally, zoning restrictions exist on firms that can bring goods into the country. Copyright and patent laws are quite severe in this country. Dubal may find difficultie s in competing with older aluminium companies as they may possess patents over certain business processes.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, the country has several requirements on training workers, and licensing is a lengthy process for foreign businesses. Employers are obligated to pay for medical insurance as well other policies, so this may increase Dubal’s labour costs. The UAE and US do not have special trade agreements; however, substantial business still occurs between these two countries. As of 2011, the US had exported $15.8 billion worth of merchandise while the UAE imports about 2.4 billion worth of goods. Since the UAE is not in NAFTA or other trading groups with the US, then trade restrictions on products need to be expected. Minerals are not protected goods, so Dubal will need to pay a huge amount for its raw material-bauxite- if it chooses to produce in the US (US Department of Energy 13). Macro business environment-economic The US has the second largest economy in the world. As of 2011, its GDP stands at $ 14.82 trillion. This implies that Dubal will have a large consumer market to sell its products to. Additionally, the country recorded a 1.5% increase in the economy. Statistics also indicate that the US is the biggest importer of goods in the world. It allows approximately $2.314 trillion worth of merchandise into its borders. If Dubal opts to enter the market as an importer, then it will have a conducive environment for doing so. The most significant contributor to the economy is the managerial sector while manufacturing accounts for only 0.7%. Dubal will not be entering into a manufacturing zone, and this could prove to be quite useful to the organisation. The US economy is still underperforming thus implying that key product markets, such as the automobile industry, have diminished demand for aluminium products. The US has several resources such as oil deposits. However, it does not have bauxite, which is the primary raw material for production of Aluminium. Dubal may, however, save on costs by sourcing its supplies from the South American market. Some bauxite-rich nations in this region include Venezuela and Brazil (CRU International 54).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Market report for Dubal specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Unemployment rates are at an alarmingly high rate for a country of such a level. It now stands at 9.1%, and is ranked 105th. This is still an all-time low for the nation. Consumers may be hesitant to buy new commodities like cars and houses, yet these items are made from aluminium. The US’ budget deficit is also at an all-time high; it now stands at $599.9 billion while its external debt to the world is $14.71 trillion. This makes it the second most indebted nation in the world. If Dubal plans on entering such a nation, it needs to prepare for constrained buying habits and rigid monetary restrictions as the government is trying to do as much as possible to cut down on expenditure. Even loan negotiations from banks might be challenging as financial institutions are dealing with the backlash for encouraging this over expenditure. Financial institutions have created high financial obligations and losses that must be paid by consumers. Failure to honour these responsibilities could cause the entire financial sector to go bankrupt. Transport, communication and other infrastructural facilities are already set up in the country. The level of development in the US implies that most of these needs will be easily catered for. Dubal, which depends on a steady supply of electricity, will not suffer from intermittent supplies. It will also not be necessary to invest in back-up generators as the nation’s electricity suppliers are dependable. Additionally, it is relatively easy to get credit in the nation as the country is ranked 4th in the world. Enforcement of contracts is taken seriously in the US, so Dubal will be protected from contract defaults by its business partners. Furthermore, the country does not have complex business networks such as the Chinese system of family ties. Therefore, Dubal can do business with organisations from the business directory. Minimal restrictions exist among the population concerning trade. Macro business environment-social The US is a culturally diverse country, and since the UAE also possesses this trait, then it will be easy to do business there. English is the US official language, and most residents of the UAE are now familiar with it. While individuals are religious, they tend to separate religion from business life. Additionally, most individuals do not pay attention to family ties when doing business, so this will favour Dubal.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Micro environment-competition Several aluminium producers already exist in the US, such as Alcoa, Century Aluminium, RUSAL, Alcan, and Chalco. Alcoa accounts for 54% of market share in the target market, and has a presence in other parts of the world. In fact, these dominant players will minimise Dubal’s capability to operate successfully in the market. RUSAL is one of the most formidable aluminium producers in the international aluminium industry, it controls 16% of the world market and has integrated various aluminium-based firms. Some of them are producers of bauxite while others manufacture aluminium (Aluminium Industry Association 15). Furthermore, some of them even produce packaging material and electricity products. Alcan is a Canadian firm, and has an advantage over other players owing to its high product volumes. Chalco on the other hand is a Chinese-owned firm that dominates is domestic market as well as a substantial portion of the US market. Foreign competitors fr om China are a force to reckon with. The entrance of Chinese players in the US market leads to market surplus hence price declines. The market for aluminium products is highly accessible. Companies need to choose the best strategies for entry, and they have a chance at succeeding. Most equipment and resources needed to manufacture the product are found in the country, but Dubal would be better of it imported these products from its cheapest markets. Nonetheless, it is likely that, in the long run, the growth potential for this company will be quite low since the US is saturated with aluminium smelters. Approximately 12 companies are responsible for performance in this industry. However, in the next five years, it is likely that domestic demand will grow if the economy improves. Projections indicate that the US aluminium industry will increase by 12% in 2013. Such changes will stem from better energy supply, government support, and cost efficient technologies. Furthermore, consumersà ¢â‚¬â„¢ need for sustainable construction practices is likely to increase the demand for Dubal’s product (Green 46). Profitability in the aluminium industry has not been very promising. In 2009, some 6 aluminium smelters closed their businesses. The biggest problem for most organisations is high production expenditure. These organisations need to pay a lot of money to use electricity. Additionally, the US lacks bauxite resources, so many firms need to import their own resources and this costs them considerably. If Dubal opts to take production into the US, then its profitability could be substantially diminished. However, if it only treats the US as a market, then chances are that it will have a greater competitive edge. Consolidation is now a reality in the industry and could be used as a source of competitive advantage for Dubal. The most powerful player in the world-RUSAL – is using this strategy to remain a market leader (Bloomberg 40). Likewise, Dubal ought to bor row and customise that approach. The firm can merge with large aluminium purchases in order to foster cost management. Vertically integrated firms in the global aluminium industry are generating their own electricity. Access and prices of power can substantially reduce if Dubal has control over them. In fact, this explains why many aluminium firms are choosing developing nations as new target locations. They can produce electricity cheaply and efficiently in those areas. If Dubal chooses to generate its own electricity, then it ought to do this in the UAE rather than in an expensive country like the US. The organisation can also instate strong governance structures that emphasise strong environmental performance, human rights, and community relations. Additionally, the firm may focus on low cost energy sources since these would cut costs and secure better prices for the product. It should also have a green innovation strategy. Dubal should consider importation as a strategy for entr ance into the US market. This will protect the organisation from the high production costs that stem from operating in the US. All processing should occur in the UAE, so that it can have a ready-product to bring into the US. The US has fewer import restrictions on aluminium than it does on bauxite. Microenvironment-customers The principal type of consumer in the US aluminium market is the manufacturer. Therefore, Dubal Aluminium should consider using B2B partnership models to do business. Some of the frequent buyers of aluminium include automobile manufactures, bicycle, motorcycle, railways and aircraft firms. Beverage manufacturers such as Pepsi and Coca Cola need to the product to make cans and foils. US consumers are generally known for their impulsiveness. However, because Dubal sells intermediary products, then the same psychology cannot be applied to their products. Many B2B approaches work by initiating a strong relationship with the targeted enterprise. Dubal needs to demons trate that its products are superior or that they come at a lower price with no compromise on quality. These factors will set them apart from other retailers. American firms focus on product quality more than affordability so Dubal would be better of if it focused on the first approach. In addition to these differences, it may be imperative for the company to sharpen its negotiation skills as American buyers are astute bargainers. Culture has a positive impact on business in this nation because most people are individualistic. They are highly competitive and always do due diligence before getting into a business arrangement. Furthermore, it is the most qualified person that wins a contract rather than the most affable one. As such, Dubal needs to focus on its tangible advantages and business numbers if it wants to get a market there. Conclusion The purpose of the report was to establish whether the US is a feasible target market for Dubal. It was found that the cost of production is too high, owing to absence of the main mineral ore and high electricity costs. Additionally, there is stiff competition from local players. However, the US ranks well in terms of ease of doing business. Dubal should produce in the UAE and consider exporting its finished products to the USA. Works Cited Aluminium Industry Association. The versatile metal. London: McMillan, 2005. Print. Bloomberg, Jerry. â€Å"Short run demand and supply elasticities in the West European market for secondary aluminium.† Resources Policy 26(2005): 39-50. Print. CRU International. Report in the aluminium and alumina industry. London: CRU International, 2008. Print. Green, Samuel. Aluminium recycling and processing for energy conservation and sustainability. NY: ASM International, 2007. Print. US Department of Energy. US energy requirements for aluminium production. Washington DC: DOE Press. Print This research paper on Market report for Dubal was written and submitted by user Marcus D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Aphrodite the Greek Love Goddess

Aphrodite the Greek Love Goddess Aphrodite was the Greek goddess of love and beauty. She was the most beautiful of the goddesses but was married to the ugliest of the gods, the limp smithy Hephaestus. Aphrodite had many affairs with men, both human and divine, resulting in many children, including Eros, Anteros, Hymenaios, and Aeneas. Aglaea (Splendor), Euphrosyne (Mirth), and Thalia (Good Cheer), known collectively as The Graces, followed in the retinue of Aphrodite. The Birth of Aphrodite In one story of her birth, Aphrodite is said to have sprung from the foam that resulted from the severed testicles of Uranus. In another version of her birth, Aphrodite is said to be the daughter of Zeus and Dione. Cyprus and Cythera are claimed as her birthplace. The Origin of Aphrodite It is thought that the fertility goddess of the Near East was imported to Cyprus during the Mycenaean Era. Aphrodites main cult centers in Greece were in Cythera and Corinth. Aphrodite in the Trojan War Aphrodite is perhaps best known for her role in the Trojan War, especially, an event preceding it: the Judgment of Paris. Arrayed with the Trojans, during the Trojan War, as described in The Iliad, she received a wound, talked with Helen, and helped protect her favorite warriors. Aphrodite in Rome The Roman goddess Venus is thought of as the Roman equivalent of Aphrodite. Gods and Goddesses Index Pronunciation: \ËÅ'a-frÉ™-ˈdÄ «-tÄ“\ Also Known As:  Venus

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

English - Essay Example And then there are occasions when expectations are heavily betrayed. My emotions are not a science. I would much rather place them loftily on the pedestal of art. They are free, function for their own wellbeing, and can hardly be stopped, even when I wish not to feel anything as I recently learned. I used to confidently categorize myself as a rational person and chose not to give into my petty emotions when I could avoid it. However, unfortunately, I experienced, this is not always the case. A recent, very strong emotional reaction I exhibited led me to re-evaluate myself and question whether I truly am as rational and immune to ‘silly’ emotions as I believed myself to be. A very close friend had been searching for a silver pendant with a Christian cross insignia. After failing to find one she felt exhibited her simplicity (most of them were too decorative for her), she gave up. Only a few days before her birthday, I managed to find a sleek yet simple silver cross and excitedly told her that I had bought it for her birthday. On our next phone call, she informed me she bought the exact same pendant that she happened to find at the mall for herself. On the phone, I said nothing. Made light of it, as if it were not a big deal, and as if it did not bother me that she chose to lower the significance of my gift by getting another one herself. I was to drop by her place for her birthday, and that is what I still intended to do. Emotional reactions can occur when an individual â€Å"chooses to react emotionally rather than react adaptively to a situation†. (Mascolo & Griffin, 149) And this is indeed what I chose. So on that celebrative day, I arrived at her place which was full of guests, most of them whom I knew. As I entered, I could feel a change come over me. I felt surly, annoyed, and vindictive. I behaved moodily with the

Television shows of Criminal Justice System Research Paper

Television shows of Criminal Justice System - Research Paper Example This show even shows that negative side of the criminal justice system as at certain times these investigators act against policies and even misuse their power in interrogations. 24 is even a television show in which federal agents of the federal agencies work to counter terrorist activities (Sutherland, 2002). The main focus of this show is an agent who used to work with the Counter Terrorist Unit and was continuously added and removed from the unit for conducting mal practices. This show provides a very negative image of federal agents and the tactics they use to obtain confessions from criminals and suspects. The tactics they represent in these shows are very harsh in nature and can even lead to death. On the other hand, this show even paints a positive image of the federal agency officers because at the end of the day the agent is able to solve criminal cases and defend his nation and this show even paints a picture that working according to the book at all times does not solve c riminal cases. Burn Notice is a television series that depicts that an under cover intelligence operative was fired and asked to leave his duty as an under cover operative (IMDB, 2012). In this series, the officer tries to figure out why he was suspended from his duties and who were responsible from letting him off from his duties (Donovan, 2008). During this process he continues to provide detective work for the community and he helps catching various criminals but he does so in an illegal manner as he does not have a job.

Reaction Paper to Common Schools Essay Example for Free

Reaction Paper to Common Schools Essay When I first started watching this video, I thought that it was just going to be another boring homework assignment like in all my other classes. To my surprise, the video actually wasn’t boring at all. I enjoyed watching it and would recommend it to anyone to watch. I enjoy informative videos and documentaries. What stands out in my mind about the video is how God was actually brought up and taught in the schools back then. The children were given the book The Primer and the hornbook which had a prayer in it. It’s crazy how much has changed since that time. Now in many schools when the Pledge of Allegiance is said, people will leave out â€Å"under God† because nobody wants to offend anybody who doesn’t believe in God. Even now when I look back at my elementary days, times have changed quite a bit. I remember when my teachers would have the class pray before we would go to eat lunch. As I child, I never thought that it was a bad thing to do. If anything, it would make children feel a little more appreciative of what they have instead of what they do not have. There was also times around Christmas and Easter when we would do projects that would involve God but nobody would ever make a big deal about it. Recently I have gone back and observed in a few classrooms in my hometown and it is totally different. Teachers don’t mention religion at all. Children don’t even say the Pledge of Allegiance and if children have a conversation about religion amongst themselves, the teacher has them stop talking about it. As a child that had religion in school, I feel grateful I was able to have that. Some children don’t have parents that take them to church or have anything to do with it and that little bit of prayer in school was the only thing they had. That gives children a sense of comfort that there is a higher power that is on their side. As a future educator, I feel like I know the boundaries as to where to draw the line with religion and school. I know not to be pushy or make any students feel uncomfortable about religion when they don’t believe the same way as someone else.

Aptitude Treatment Interaction Research :: Education Classrooms Essays

Aptitude Treatment Interaction Research Since the beginning of formal education, teachers/educators have sought the best method of instruction to maximize the learning potential of their students. It was recognized early that students differ in intelligence, ability to learn, background, environment, learning style, and many other factors that affected their progress through the educational system. Over time the classroom became the place for a teacher’s intuition, experiences, and impressions of the child to be the guidebook (Cronbach & Snow, 1969). As a result, aptitude treatment interaction (ATI) research developed as a way to find the best methods of instruction for the student population. Historical Perspective and Definitions ATI hypotheses were in ancient Chinese and Hebrew writings, in early Greek and Roman teaching, and early European philosophies. ATI, however, emerged as a modern research program when defined by Cronbach (1957) for instructional psychology. Since then, ATI research has been used extensively in the field of education and more recently in industrial and clinical psychology (Snow, 1991). As with any study, definitions are integral to the understanding of the topic. According to Snow (1991), "aptitude should refer to any measurable person characteristic hypothesized to be needed as preparation for response to treatment to successful goal achievement in the treatment(s) studied" (p.205). This writer prefers the definition given by Cronbach and Snow where "aptitude is defined as any characteristic of the individual that increases (or impairs) his probability of success in a given treatment" (Cronbach & Snow, 1969, p. 5). Cronbach and Snow also say that aptitude is, essentially, whatever makes a person ready to learn rapidly (or to adapt effectively to his environment). The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language simply states that aptitude is the ability or inclination of an individual to develop skills or acquire knowledge (1969). Intelligence, motivation, and anxiety seem to be the most common aptitudes studied. Snow states that treatment is any manipulative situation variable (Snow 1991). In the education field, treatment refers to the teaching methods and techniques measured by the outcome of a post-test (Peck, 1983). Teacher characteristics and differences in teaching styles are treatments affecting the learning of students. Interaction is defined statistically as the degree to which results for two or more treatments, or one treatment over two or more trials, differ for persons who also differ on one or more aptitude measures (Snow, 1991). This writer believes that interaction in the context of ATI refers to bi-directional action observed between the aptitude variables of the subject and the teaching techniques and methods of the instructor.

Finance & Strategic Management Essay

Over the past decades the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has continued to grow in importance and significance due to external pressure of diverse stakeholders, and has thereby become more prominent on companies’ agendas (Carroll & Shabana, 2010; Beurden & Gossling, 2008). The concept of CSR has been subject to considerable debate, commentary, theory building and continues research (Carroll & Shabana, 2010). The question, of whether CSR investments result in financial and social benefits that outweigh its costs, is intensively scrutinized in existing literature (Schreck, 2001; Carroll & Shabana, 2010). Adherents of CSR argue that it is in the long-term self-interest of corporations to be socially involved (Carroll & Shabana, 2010; Barnet 2007). The overall logic is that CSR increases the trustworthiness of firms and strengthens the relationships with stakeholders. CSR may further result in decreased transaction costs and thereby improved corporate financial performance (CFP), by decreasing employee turnover, reducing operating costs, as well as functioning as a buffer in disruptive events (Carroll & Shabana, 2010; Barnet, 2007). Barnett (2007) and Schreck (2011) argue that, if the financial benefits of CSR meet or exceed the costs, CSR can be justified as a rational investment. According to Kurucz, Colbert and Wheeler (2008), firms may attain four distinct benefits from engaging in CSR; cost and risk reduction; gaining competitive advantage; developing reputation and legitimacy; and seeking win–win outcomes through synergistic value creation. Critics of CSR typically use classical economic arguments, articulated most forcefully by Friedman (Carroll & Shabana, 2010). Traditionally, the expenditures of CSR are considered an illegitimate waste of resources, which conflict with a firm’s responsibility to its shareholders (Schreck, 2011, Barnet, 2007). According to Friedman (1970) â€Å"There is one and only one social responsibility of business – to use it resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits so long as it stays within the rules of the game†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Friedman further argued that, social issues are not the concern of business people, and â€Å"the business of business is business† (Carroll & Shabana, 2010). Even though CSR have been subject to critique, an increasing number of corporations are accepting responsibilities that extend well beyond the immediate interest of the owners, by considering â€Å"non-shareholder stakeholders’ concerns† (Grant, 2010; Clegg, Carter, Kornberger & Schweitzer, 2011). Although the existence, direction and strength of possible links between CSR and CFP have been the subject of several empirical analyses (Schreck, 2011), and even though CSR is almost universally practiced, the results from empirical studies are inconclusive (De Bakker, Groenewegen & Hond, 2005). After more than thirty years of research, it cannot clearly be concluded, whether a one-dollar investment in social initiatives returns more or less, than one dollar in benefits to shareholders (Barnet, 2007; Surroca & Tribo & Waddock, 2008). The inconclusiveness of empirical studies may be due to unclear and inconsistent definitions of key terms (De Bakker, Groenewegen & Hond, 2005; Barnet, 2007), methodological differences (Carrol & Shabana, 2010), and diverse approaches of measuring CSR and CFP (Beurden & Gossling, 2008). In existing literature, CSR activities are often entioned to reduce risk, by avoiding the various consequences of moral disapproval by numerous stakeholders (Zadek, 2000). However, CSR derived risk reductions are considered as an ex-post beneficial outcome and not as a proactive risk management instrument to control or reduce idiosyncratic risk (firm specific). Under the assumption that, shareholders are risk adverse and prefer a high expected return (Bodie, Kane & Marcus, 2011; Brealey, Myers & Allen, 2011), a reduction of firm specific risk must be perceived as favorably. Provided that CSR investments can be applied as a risk management tool, CSR could be seen as investments by firms on behalf of its shareholders. Taking a shareholder perspective, this paper looks beyond the socially good deed of CSR, and focuses on the value of CSR as a method to reduce idiosyncratic risk without detriment of CFP. CSR and Risk Management Since this paper hypothesizes that, CSR can be applied as a risk management instrument to preserve CFP, risk need to be defined. Risk can be defined as the uncertainty about outcomes or events, especially with respect to the future (Orlitzky & Benjamin, 2001). Widely risk management is defined as a managerial tool to avoid risk, transfer risk to another party, reduce risk, or in some cases accepting consequences of a certain risk (Froot, Scharfstein & Stein, 1994). A shareholder’s perspective on risk management however, conflicts with the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) (Markowitz, 1952) and the Modigliani & Miller’s theorem on capital structure (1958). CAPM theory states that, the cost of reducing idiosyncratic risks simultaneously reduces the expected return, and hence firm value (Markowitz, 1952). Risk reduction by holding a well-diversified portfolio of securities will be unattainable by risk management (Godfrey, Merrill & Hansen, 2009), why a profit-maximizing investor would not prefer risk management. Total firm risk is in general the combination of systematic and unsystematic risk (Hoje & Haejung, 2012). Systematic risk, often referred to as market risk or non-diversifiable risk, is usually defined as the firm’s sensitivity to changes in the market average returns, which cannot be reduced by diversification of shareholders (Weber, 2008; Luo & Bhattacharya, 2009; Orlitzky & Benjamin, 2001). Unsystematic risk is defined as idiosyncratic risk (Hoje & Haejung, 2012; Luo & Bhattacharya, 2009). Idiosyncratic risk is traditionally viewed as indifferent to the portfolio investors, since it is associated with specific companies and thereby can be reduced by diversified portfolios (Husted, 2005; Weber, 2008). Opposing idiosyncratic risk is of great relevance to the firm manager, whose very survival may depend upon taking adequate measures to reduce the idiosyncratic risk (Husted, 2005). Firms’ financial risk is often defined in terms of variability of returns (Orlitsky & Benjamin 2001), or stock price volatility (Luo & Bhattacharya, 2009), which is important risk measures, given that higher volatility implies greater investment risk and uncertain future cash flows (Luo & Bhattacharya, 2009; Oikonomou, Brooks & Pavelin, 2012). A reduction in idiosyncratic risk reflects reduced variance in the future expected cash flows, which translates into greater shareholder wealth (Luo & Bhattacharya, 2009; Mishra & Modi, 2012). In a strict Modigliani and Miller perspective, risk-management instruments are of no value, since these are purely financial transactions that do not affect the value of a company’s operating assets (Froot, Scharfstein & Stein, 1994). The views of CAMP and Modigliani and Miller have been superseded by a postmodern view of risk management as an important strategic tool. Firms do invest in insurances even though the costs of these investments may be in excess of expected losses, which is in clear violation with the perfect market assumption (Smith & Stulz, 1985; Stultz, 2002). If risk management can reduce firms’ exposure to idiosyncratic risks, it protects shareholders against the deadweight costs of severe financial distress in a way, that investors can not accomplish in the market by diversifying (Godfrey, Merrill & Hansen, 2009). Review of the linkage between CSR and risk For several decades, researchers have aimed at discovering a conclusive linkage between CSR and CFP, the literature however, remains highly fragmented (Aguinis & Glavas 2012). According to Orlitsky & Benjamin (2001) true economic performance manifests itself in both high financial returns and low financial risk. Among financial and non-monetary benefits, risk reduction is often mentioned as a positive outcome of engaging in CSR activities. Porter and Kramer (2006) argue that, today’s pressure, of external stakeholders to hold companies accountable for social issues, learly demonstrate the potential large financial risks for any corporation. Several scholars emphasize, that the costs of CSR can be justified by reductions in risk and costs derived from engagement in social issues (Caroll & Shabana, 2010). The primary argument is that the diverse demands of stakeholders represent potential threats and risks to the viability of the firm, why it is the economic interest of firms to mitigate these threats and gain legitimacy through social involvement (Caroll & Shabana, 2010; Schreck, 2011; Kurucz, Colbert & Wheeler 2008). Existing literature on the CSR-risk relationship is virtually unanimously agreeing upon a negative correlation between CRS and idiosyncratic risk, where empirical results show that CSR lowers idiosyncratic risk (Spicer, 1978; Orlitsky & Benjamin, 2001; Godfrey, 2005; Hoje & Haejung, 2012; Caroll & Shabana, 2010; Godfrey, Merrill & Hansen, 2009; Heal, 2005; Luo & Bhattacharya, 2012; Oikonomou, Brooks & Pavelin, 2012; Berman, Wicks, Kotha & Jones, 1999; Hart, 1995; Shrivastava, 1995; Peloza, 2006). Several studies have also shown a significant negative relationship between CSR and systematic risk (non-diversifiable) (Hoje & Haejung 2012; Orlitzky & Benjamin, 2001; Mcguire, Sungren & Scneewies, 1988; Luo & Bhattacharya, 2009). CSR reduces idiosyncratic risk by reducing the probabilities of expected financial, social, or environmental crisis that could adversely influence firms’ cash flows (Hoje & Haejung, 2012). Firms perceived as socially responsible may be able to increase interpersonal trust among stakeholders, build social capital, lower transaction costs, and therefore ultimately reduce uncertainty about future financial performance (Orlitzky & Benjamin, 2001). Luo and Bhattacharya (2009) present the view of CSR, as helping the firm build a bulwark of defense against future losses of economic value by reducing firm specific risk and vulnerability of future cash flows. Firms with high social responsibility may have lower financial risk, since these are less sensitive to certain negative external events, like regulatory governmental intervention, undesirable publicity, probability of civil- and criminal legal proceedings or consumer boycotts, why risk reduction can be seen as a monetary benefit of CSR (Mcguire, Sungren & Scneewies, 1988; Oikonomou, Brooks & Pavelin, 2012; Weber, 2008; Orlitzky & Benjamin, 2001; Mcguire, Sungren & Scneewies, 1988). Participation in specific types of CSR, those aimed at a firm’s secondary stakeholders or society as a whole, is argued to create a form of goodwill or positive â€Å"philanthropic moral reputational capital†, which functions as an insurance-like protection, when negative events occur (Godfrey, 2005; Peloza, 2006). When business activity creates negative impact on society, stakeholders respond by sanctioning the firm (Godfrey, Merrill & Hansen, 2009). It is argued that the goodwill, derived from engagement in CSR, reduces the overall severity of the sanctions, by encouraging stakeholders to give the firm ‘the benefit of the doubt‘(Godfrey, 2005; Uzzi, 1997; Peloza, 2006; Godfrey, Merrill & Hansen, 2009). The resultant moral capital gained from social engagement has little to do with generating financial value, but the insurance-like protection contributes with preserving shareholder value and thereby financial performance (Godfrey, Merrill & Hansen, 2009). Mishra and Modi (2012) fund a significant effect on idiosyncratic risk, when CSR is applied, the authors however enhanced this result by finding that, positive CSR reduces idiosyncratic risk, while negative CSR increases idiosyncratic risk. Literature has, according to Mishra and Modi (2012), often a singular focus on positive CSR, and overlooks that firms also occasionally engage in activities that qualifies as negative CSR. Luo and Bhattacharya (2009) and Porter and Kramer (2006) argue that CSR is not beneficial in all situations, but is rather advantageous in some contexts and disadvantageous in others and can even lead to additional risk. This is in line with Barnet (2007), who argues that stakeholders’ perception of firms’ CSR engagement are path-dependent (Barnet, 2007; Luo & Bhattacharya, 2009; Hoje & Haejung, 2012). For firms with social negative impact or prior bad reputation, CSR may be perceived as â€Å"blood money† to mitigate past sins, omissions or shortcomings (Luo & Bhattacharya, 2009; Barnet 2007). CSR can thereby lead to reduced idiosyncratic risk, but can also expose a firm to additional risk (Weber, 2008; Barnet, 2007). Discussion Even though the CSR-risk relationship have received much attention in the existing literature, managing risk as the predominantly basic for engaging in CSR has not received specific attention. Focus within the field is on ex-post measures of risk-related benefits, where CSR is not valued as a proactive tool to reduce idiosyncratic risk. Existing research does not seem to provide any practical guidance to managerial proactive evaluations of the risk reductions derived from CSR involvement. It further lacks a practical framework to ex-ante quantify the risk related benefits of CSR (Weber, 2008). The above review demonstrates the focus on risk, solely as valuable side-effect of engaging in CSR activities. The authors of the paper posit a research gap exists within the existing literature of CSR and risk: CSR is not considered as a proactive ex-ante risk management instrument to control and reduce firm risk. Given the risk reducing benefits of CSR, the authors suggest that investments in CSR can be used as a proactive risk management instrument to reduce idiosyncratic risk. Such an approach could strengthen the overall CSR involvement and support rational ex-ante decision-making in this area (Weber, 2008). The aim is to draw a much-need attention to the risk-reduction potential of CSR by viewing CSR investments as a proactive risk management tool, where managing risk is the main purpose for engaging in CSR. Empirical resolving the research gap and verifying the hypothesis is beyond the scope of this paper. The authors however, suggest that a potential solution is to apply real option theory as a basis for proactive CSR risk management decision-making. CSR as a real option Attributable to the aforementioned arguments, the function of CSR as a risk management tool can be considered as a real option. Regular options are based on securities (financial instruments), whereas real options are based on hedging against uncertainties in real investment projects (Mun, 2002). An analysis of the costs and benefits of CSR projects, using traditional NPV models, often leads to a rejection, as these fail to contribute to maximizing shareholder value (Friedman, 1962). This is, nevertheless, not always the right decision, as the NPV approach fails to incorporate the main advantage of real options (Husted, 2005). Compared to the traditional NPV approach, real options offer management flexibility through multiple decision-making in situations with high uncertainty. Managers have the option, but not the obligation, to engage in, modifying or end strategies, as new information becomes available (Mun, 2002). A CSR option offers the choice of deferring, abandoning, expanding, or staging an investment project (Amram & Howe, 2003). Due to the theoretical and mathematical complexity of option theory, which is beyond the scope of this scientific paper, option theory will be described on an incomprehensive level. In brief option pricing is a function of five variables: the value of the underlying asset, the exercise price, time to exercise, the risk-free interest rate, and the volatility of the underlying asset (Black & Scholes, 1973). The value of the underlying asset is the resources resulted from the CSR option, such as qualified employees, PR and cost avoiding’s etc. Husted, 2005). The exercise price refers to the required additional investments needed for receiving the value created by the CSR option. The timing of the exercise is an essential variable, as it has great effect on the value of CSR options. The risk-free interest rate does not play an important role in most real options (Mun, 2002). The volatility or the uncertainty of the underlying asset has a significant impact on the value of CSR options (Mun, 2002). The variance of the expected value can both be higher or lower than the expected return. Black and Scholes is the most widely used regular option pricing model, however, also one of the most complicated models (Mun, 2002). A Binomial lattice approach is applied in most real option pricing, as it provides a more transparent and intuitive appeal compared with Black and Scholes’ theoretical and mathematical approach (Mun, 2002). However, since the aim is solely to clarify the value of real options in a CSR context, the choice of approach is of less relevance. Real options provide an important framework for firms to manage risk by reducing the risk of future investments, and can thus be an essential tool in corporate risk management (Husted, 2005). Finally, a real CSR option explicitly includes a time dimension. This ex-ante perspective is clearly different from the focus on risk in most CSR-risk research, which is ex post in nature. CSR as a risk management instrument – The Toyota example A few decades ago, car manufacturers did not focus so intensively on a green profiling as they do today. The increased oil prices in 1973 and 1979 were influential for the entry of Japanese car manufacturers in USA, who were producing smaller and more gas efficient cars (Andrews, Simon, Tian & Zhao, 2011). The gas efficient cars of Japanese manufactures were causative to the car industry as a whole subsequently invested massively in green technology projects. These investments have met consumers’ need and have generated positive branding values. Toyota’s Prius has reached â€Å"cult status†, as it is one of the most gas efficient and green cars on the market. However, more interestingly is the security, that the green profile of the Prius has offered Toyota, which includes protection against the bad publicity of car manufacturers’ contribution to pollution and factors such as Middle Eastern conflicts that influence oil prices and hence sales of cars. At first glance, it appears as Toyota has been skilled at forecasting future trends and meeting customer’s needs without using CSR as management instrument. As the following example however illustrates, Toyota’s management could have benefitted from considering investments in CSR as real options to control idiosyncratic risk and thereby preserve CFP. In 2009 repeated accidents occurred, which were accused to be caused by flaws in floor mats and accelerator pedals in Toyota’s vehicles. This resulted in a recall of more than 5 million vehicles, alone in the North American market (Andrews, Simon, Tian & Zhao, 2011). Before a product is recalled, companies have to make severe considerations. A product-recall can have great financial impact in terms of losses in brand value, consumer goodwill, decreasing sales and a negative effect on stock prices (Kumara & Schmitza, 2011), which in this case is the value of the underlying asset of the CSR option. The decision to recall the cars is the price of the option. The recall option could have generated strategic flexibility, which however, meanwhile was eliminated, as Toyota’s management failed to exercise the option, before it was too late. The leisurely recall decision resulted in losses in brand value, consumer goodwill, decreased stock price, lower sales, a fine of $16 million and more than 130 potential class-action lawsuits (Andrews, Simon, Tian & Zhao, 2011). The negative outcome of the late recall is considered as high volatility of the underlying asset. A faster recalling could have had a avoiding, a limited or opposite effect on product brand, consumer goodwill and the massive media coverage (Husted, 2005). Provided that Toyota’s management had viewed the recall decision as a valuable option rather than severe costs, strategic flexibility could have been obtained, why the negative outcome may have been avoided. A faster exercise of the recall option might have resulted in goodwill or trust, which could have been exploited by Toyota to limit the negative publicity caused by the repeated accidents. Toyota however, failed to exercise the recall option in acute time, why the result was lost flexibility to respond to the unexpected event of the accidents. The value of the real option foregone by Toyota was a function of inter alia lost sales, brand value and reputation. Toyota’s management failed to exploit the advantages of CSR as a risk management tool.